Version-2 (May-June 2015)
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Does the Gravity Model Explain Bangladesh's Direction of Trade? A Panel Data Approach |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Shaiara Husain || Shanjida Yasmin |
Abstract: The goal of this article is to investigate the determinants of bilateral trade flows of Bangladesh with her fifty two major trading partners with the use of trade gravity model approach. The gravity model has been estimated using pooled OLS, fixed effects, random effects estimation technique with the help of panel data for the period 1975-2005. Our estimation results show that trade volume of Bangladesh responds more than proportionally to per capita GDP and distance for OECD and NON –OECD trading partner countries separately. Bangladesh's direction of trade pattern is also strongly governed by geographical characteristics, such as Area implying Bangladesh has a tendency to trade with larger countries. Membership in OECD and GSP dummy has significant impact on trade.
[1]. Alam, Md. Mahmudul., Uddin, Gazi Md. Salah., Taufique, Khan Md. Raziuddin. (2009). "Import inflows of Bangladesh : The Gravity Model Approach". International Journal of Economics & Finance, 1(1),131-141.
[2]. Anaman, K.A. & Al-Kharusi. (2003). "Analysis of trade flows between Brunei Darrussalam & The European Union". ASEAN Economic Bulletin,20(1), 60-73.
[3]. Anderson, J.E. (1979). "A Theoretical Foundation for the Gravity Equation". The American Economic Review, 69,106-116.
[4]. Batra, A. (2004). " India‟s Global Trade Potential : The Gravity Model Approach". Working Paper No. 151. Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations.
[5]. Bergstrand, J.H. (1985). "The Gravity Equation in International Trade : "Some Microeconomic Foundations & Empirical Evidence". The Review of Economics & Statistics, 71, 143-153.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Financial Liberalisation and Economic Growth In Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Rayyanu Abdulkarim Kaita |
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the financial liberalization experience in Nigeria. In particular, the study analyses the motivation for implementing a financial liberalization policy; providing an explanation of the evolution and process of the financial liberalization. This study establishes the long-run and short-run relationship between financial liberalization and real output using the ARDL framework with annual observations over the period 1981-2012. The study uses three measures as proxies to indicate the degree of financial liberalization: KAOPEN-a financial openness index; money supply as a ratio of GDP, M2; and credit to the private sector as a ratio of GDP, CPS.
[1]. Acemoglu, D. & Zilibotti, F. (1997) "Was Prometheus Unbound by Chance? Risk, Diversification, and Growth‟, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 105, pp. 1167-1200.
[2]. Akpan, D.B. (2004) "Financial Liberalisation and Endogenous Growth: The Case of Nigeria‟, African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP).
[3]. Bascom, W.O. (1994) The Economics of Financial Reform in Developing Countries, London, The Macmillan Press Ltd.
[4]. Bekaert, Geert, & Harvey, Campbell R. (1999). Capital flows and the behavior of emerging market equity returns. Fuqua School of Business Working Paper(9807).
[5]. Bonfiglioli, A. (2008) "Financial Integration, Productivity and Capital Accumulation‟, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 76, pp. 337-55.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The impact of fiscal decentralization and budgetary deconcentration on regional disparities in Morocco |
| Country | : | Morocco |
| Authors | : | Mohammed Harouche || Hassan Bougantouche |
Abstract: This paper investigates the effects of the fiscal decentralization and the budgetary deconcentration on the regional disparities in Morocco using an econometric approach. Two aspects of finance of the public action on the territories are involved. This approach allows comparing the effects of financing public entities emanating from two separate State organizational processes. The analysis is realized over a period of 10 years spreading out between 2002 and 2011. The result revealed that, the impact of financing territorial action on the regional disparities in Morocco is related rather to budgetary deconcentration when it's combined with the fiscal decentralization.
Keywords: fiscal decentralization, budgetary deconcentration, regional disparities
[1] R. Ezcurra, and P. Pascual, Fiscal decentralization and regional disparities: evidence from several European Union countries, Environment and Planning A, 40, 2008, 1185-1201
[2] S. Boulenger, I. Gauthier, and F. Vaillancourt, Déconcentration, délégation et dévolution, Série Scientifique, 2012
[3] J. Martinez-Vazquez, and R. McNab, Fiscal decentralization, economic growth, and democratic governance, International Studies Program Working Paper, Atlanta: Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University, 1997, 1-41
[4] World Bank, Decentralization and subnational regional economics, 2011
[5] A. Shah and T. Thompson, Implementing decentralized local governance, a treacherous road with potholes, detours and road closures, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 3353, 2004
[6] D. Stegarescu, Public sector decentralization: Measurement concepts and recent international trends. Fiscal Studies, 26(3), 2005, 301-333.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Socio-economic Impact of Remittance on Households: A Study on Khulna, Bangladesh |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Riaz Munshi |
Abstract: Foreign remittance to Bangladesh now become one of the vital sources of foreign exchange earnings and it also plays a significant role by reducing the foreign-exchange constraint and improving the balance of payments, ensuring imports of various types of capital goods, and raw materials for industrial development. Furthermore, it has also increased the supply of savings and investment for capital formation and development in country's economic condition and thus it accelerates economic development of a country. But this study attempted to evaluate the impact of foreign remittances on socio-economic condition of households in Khulna city. This paper uses various data of households of Khulna city to analyze the impact of foreign remittances on the socio-economic condition of households.
[1]. Adida, C.L. and Girod, D.M. (2011). Do migrants improve their hometowns? Remittances and access to public services in Mexico, 1995-2000, Comparative Political Studies, 44, 3-27.
[2]. Azad, A.K. (2003). Importance of Migrants' Remittance for Bangladesh Economy,The International Conference on Migrant Remittance: Development Impact and Future Prospects, DFID and International Migration Policy Programme (IMP), London, 9th October 2003, pp. 1-18.
[3]. Azeez, K.A. and Begum, M. (2009). International remittances: A source of development finance, International NGO Journal, 4, 299-304.
[4]. Azhar, I.A.K. (2008). Overseas Migration and Its Socio-economic Impacts on the Families Left Behind in Pakistan: A Case Study in the Province Punjab, Pakistan, kassel university press.
[5]. Babatunde, R.O. and Martinetti, E.C. (2010). Impact of remittances on food security and nutrition in rural Nigeria, Center for International Cooperation and Development, University of Pavia, Italy.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Effect of the Applying Modern and standard technology and Industryon the Quality of Iranian Produced |
| Country | : | Iran |
| Authors | : | Hadi Matazarre |
Abstract: Nowadays, tea is considered as the healthiest and the most popular drink in the world. Because of lack of using pesticides in production of green leaf, Iran's produced tea is considered as of the purest and healthiest teas in the world [1].After passing about 110 years from starting tea cultivation in Iran and although cultivation surface of tea farms has developed in this period and the number of tea making factories and the rate of produced tea have increased, but unfortunately, In spite of the fact, that tea has a long history in Iran, the knowledge of tea farmers in using the modern methods of cultivation; nursing and harvesting tea is low and requires continuous scientific and quantitative training. About 70% of tea making factories are over 45 years old and are wear out and lacks modern equipment.
[1]. Gholizadeh, Mohammad Hossein, et al; Measurement and Analysis of Affective Factors on State Tea Processing Industries Utilization; Development & Agriculture Economy; 17th Years; No. 67; Autumn 2009
[2]. Jalilisarabi, Samira; Economical Appraisal of Iran's Tea Industry & its Business Systems, emphasizing on Export with assist of Dr. Hamid Fotohi, M.A Thesis of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University of Rasht Branch, 2002, Page 131
[3]. Khodayegani, Hossein Ali, investigation and analysis of effects of exploitation management on quality of Iran's tea with help of Dr. MohamadTaleghani, thesis of M.s of state management, research center of Guilan province. 2006, p4
[4]. Adham, Seyed Ali, tea in view of agriculture, industry and commerce in Iran and world. SokhanGostar, 2003, p175
[5]. Mahdavi, Reza & et al; Studying the Main Products of Guilan Province, Management &Planning Organization of Guilan Province, 2004, Page 37 & 38
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of transportation costs on tourism development in Iran |
| Country | : | Iran |
| Authors | : | Shahram Tarjoman |
Abstract: Tourism is an activity recently attracted much attention and it is increasingly attracting more attention. In modern world, tourism is considered as the largest international trading resource. It is very important and valuable economically. Tourism has some benefits as an industry that development of tourism in a fit country benefits for increase in job opportunities and national income. Tourism, as an income source and job creation across the country, may be a strategy for economic development in national level. Tourism, particularly when benefits of other economic sectors practice are decreasing, is a proper alternative for these sectors and a strategy for development. Thus, in present study, the effect of transportation costs on tourism development in Iran was discussed to attract more tourists and its development in the country.
[1]. ZarghamBoroujeny , Hamid . tourism development planning, a correlated , sustainable strategy, 2010, p 18 .
[2]. DanoldLandberg, M; Krishna Morty&Minc H; Stawenga. Tourism economy. Translated by Mohammad Reza Farzin. Publications of Bazargany. 2009. P : 3.
[3]. Mousayee ,Meisam . tourism economy , 2011, p14 .
[4]. Maghsoudy, Tahmasb; LashgarAra, Farhady.
[5]. Mehrdady, Naser. Sustainable and environment friendly tourism development. 2001.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Governance for economic and social development in Africa: A special references to the IIAG assesses |
| Country | : | Tunisia |
| Authors | : | Iyad Dhaoui || Manel Najar |
Abstract: When we say Africa we say poverty, disease and war. We just have the wrong vision about it. Today, this big forest continent has changed. We don't have the old disastrous rates about war, floods and corruption. We have improvement in many sectors starting agriculture, natural resources and higher studies. Africa's economic prospects have never been brighter. But realizing this potential depends on governments understanding the private sector and how to support it. This is an extremely important part of the work that the Africa Governance Initiative does.
[1]. A.D.Chandler. (1992), « Organisation et performance des entreprises », Editions de l‟Organisation, p.21.
[2]. Acemoglu D. (2003), « Causes profondes de la pauvreté, une perspective historique pour évaluer le rôle des institutions dans le développement économique », Finances et Développement, pp.27-30.
[3]. Andreff V., 2007 : « Economie de la transition », p.293, Bréal, Paris
[4]. Aoki M. 2006 : « Fondements d‟une analyse institutionnelle comparée ».
[5]. Aron J. (2000), « Growth and institutions: Areview of the evidence », The World Bank Research Observer 15, pp. 99-135.
[6]. Banque Mondiale. (1991), « the challenge of development » ,University Press For the World Bank.
[7]. Banque Mondiale. (1997), « Renforcement de bonne gouvernance en Afrique », In Rapport sur le développement de monde ; Paris, Eska.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Financial Inclusion in India – A Road Map towards Growth of Initiatives and Achievements |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Varun Kesavan |
Abstract: Finance has become an essential part of an economy for development of the society as well as economy of nation. For, this purpose a strong financial system is required in not only in under-developed countries and developing countries but also developed countries for sustainable growth. Through Financial inclusion we can achieve equitable and inclusive growth of the nation. Financial inclusion stands for delivery of appropriate financial services at an affordable cost, on timely basis to vulnerable groups such as low income groups and weaker section who lack access to even the most basic banking services. In this paper, the researcher attempts to understand financial inclusion and its importance for overall development of society and Nation's economy. This study focuses on approaches adopted by various Indian banks towards achieving the ultimate goal of financial inclusion for inclusive growth in India and analyses of past years progress and achievements. The relevant data for this study has been collected with the help of from various Research journals, Articles, reports of RBI, reports of NABARD and online resources.
Key words: Financial inclusion, Financial Exclusion, Business correspondents, KCCs, GCCs.
[1]. C. Rangrajan, Report of the committee on financial inclusion, 2008, 1- 31.
[2]. Sonu Garg1, Dr. Parul Agarwal2, ―Financial Inclusion in India – a Review of Initiatives and Achievements.‖ IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), Volume 16, Issue 6. Ver. I (Jun. 2014), PP 52-61.
[3]. Neha Dangi1, Pawan Kumar2, ―Current Situation of Financial Inclusion in India and Its Future Visions.‖ ―International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR).‖ Volume 2, No. 8, August 2013.
[4]. Atul Raman, ―Financial Inclusion and Growth of Indian Banking System.‖ ―IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSRJBM)‖ Volume 1, Issue 3 (May-June 2012), PP 25-29.
[5]. CRISIL Inclusix An index to measure India's progress on Financial Inclusion June 2013.
[6]. Demirguc-Kunt, Asli; Klapper, Leora; Randall, Douglas, The Global Findex database : financial inclusion in India, Findex notes ; no. 8., The World Bank,2013,1-6. retrieved from : http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/18477245/global-findex-database-financial-inclusion-india
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | A Logit Model of Informal Traders' Decision to Evade Tax: A Case of Zimbabwe |
| Country | : | Zimbabwe |
| Authors | : | Joseph Nyamapfeni || Wellington Garikai Bonga |
Abstract: Taxation is the commonest and oldest source of government revenue in the world. The main reason for taxation is to finance government expenses and redistribute of wealth. The shadow economy and tax evasion are both widespread in Zimbabwe. When the taxation system is not effective, many economic agents will use this opportunity to escape paying tax (which is legal) or evade tax which is illegal. When tax evasion exist, the government fails to allocate enough income for its programs, hence fails to deliver desirable social services. Noting the significant influence of tax evasion on the state, this paper pursues to determine factors that cause tax evasion and their relative impact. A questionnaire approach has been employed to collect responses. Using a logit model the results shows that income, marital status and frequency of crossing the border have positive effect on tax evasion.
Key words: Taxation, Informal trader, tax evasion, tax avoidance, Logit, Zimbabwe.
[1]. Allingham, MG and Sandmo A (1972). Income Tax Evasion: A Theoretical Analysis. Journal of Public EconomicsVol1, No 3-4, pp 323-338.
[2]. Alm, J. and J. Martinez-Vazquez (2003). Institutions, Paradigms, and Tax Evasion in Developing and Transition Countries. Public Finance in Developing and Transitional Countries. Essays in Honor of Richard Bird. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar: 146-178.
[3]. Blackburn K, Bosey N and Capassoz S (2009) .Tax Evasion, the Underground Economy and Financial Development. Centre for Growth and Business Cycles Research, Economic Studies,
[4]. Boateng A K, Emmanuel KA, Stephen M, Kotoko N and Banahene O (2012). Effects of Tax Evasion on the Ghanaian Economy.
[5]. Bonga Wellington G. (2014). Customs Administration, Laws and Procedures in Zimbabwe. Social Science Research Network. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2448121
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mixed Methods on the Commercialization of Cash Waqf in Nigeria: An Analysis of Its Implementation |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | Yusuff Jelili Amuda || Ahmad Hidayat Bin Buang |
Abstract: This paper applied mixed methods approach on the commercialization of cash waqf in Nigeria and its implementation in solving social issues and challenges confronting Nigerians at large and Nigerian Muslims in particular. The value and importance of waqf endowment cannot be overlooked. The study analysed the questionnaire conducted on commercialization of cash waqf in Nigeria and its implementation. The sample was selected from Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo tribes to discover the breadth and extent of poverty among Nigerian Muslims in particular and Nigerians at large. This survey or data was sampled as an empirical evidence and proof that many Nigerian Muslims are suffering terribly and their unfortunate condition calls for urgent delivery from financial incapability.
[1]. S. A. Dunya. Al-waqf al-naqdi, madkhal li taf'il dawr al-waqf fihayatina al-muasirah. Awqaf. 2002, 3, 57-82.
[2]. Maiman. Waqf al-nuqud wa al-awraq al-maliyyah. A'mal Muntada Qadaya al-Waqf al-Fiqhiyyah al-Thaniyyah, Tahddiyyat Asriyyah wa Ijtihadat Shar'yyah. Kuwait: IDB, Kuwait Awqaf Public Foundation, 2006.
[3]. A. M. Ammar. Waqf al-Nuqud wa al-Awraq al-Maliyyah. A'mal Muntada Qadaya al-Waqf al-Fiqhiyyah al-Thaniyyah, Tahddiyyat Asriyyah wa Ijtihadat Shar'yyah. Kuwait: IDB, Kuwait Awqaf Public Foundation, 2006.
[4]. Murat Çizakça, (1998). Awqaf In History And Its Implications For Modern Islamic Economies. Islamic Economic Studies, 6(1). (Jeddah: IRTI & IDB).
[5]. Toraman, Cengiz, et.al (n.d), Cash Awqaf in the Ottomans as Philanthropic Foundations,and their Accounting Practices,<journal.mufad.org>.